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Erythropoietin (/ ɪ ˌ r ɪ θ r oʊ ˈ p ɔɪ. ɪ t ɪ n,-r ə-,-p ɔɪ ˈ ɛ t ɪ n,-ˈ iː t ɪ n /; [1] [2] [3] EPO), also known as erythropoetin, haematopoietin, or haemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted mainly by the kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
In addition, erythropoietin is bound by circulating red blood cells; low circulating numbers lead to a relatively high level of unbound erythropoietin, which stimulates production in the bone marrow. Recent studies have also shown that the peptide hormone hepcidin may play a role in the regulation of hemoglobin production, and thus affect ...
EPO may lead to variability in blood levels of cyclosporine. Minor: ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may interfere with hematopoiesis, possibly by decreasing the synthesis of endogenous erythropoietin and decreasing bone marrow production of red blood cells. [27]
Erythropoietin is a sialoglycoprotein hormone produced by peritubular cells of kidney. Granulocyte -macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte CSF are given to stimulate white blood cell formation in cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy , which tends to kill their red bone marrow cells as well as the cancer cells.
The kidneys secrete a variety of hormones, including erythropoietin, calcitriol, and renin. Erythropoietin is released in response to hypoxia (low levels of oxygen at tissue level) in the renal circulation. It stimulates erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) in the bone marrow.
Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (from Ancient Greek erythros 'red' and kytos 'hollow vessel', with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, [1] erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O 2) to the body tissues—via ...
Epoetin beta , sold under the brand name Neorecormon among others, is a synthetic, recombinant [4] form of erythropoietin, a protein that promotes the production of red blood cells. It is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) that is used to treat anemia , commonly associated with chronic kidney failure and cancer chemotherapy .
Erythropoietin (EPO) Extraglomerular mesangial cells: Stimulate erythrocyte production Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3) Proximal tubule cells Active form of vitamin D 3. Increase absorption of calcium and phosphate from gastrointestinal tract and kidneys inhibit release of PTH. Thrombopoietin: stimulates megakaryocytes to produce ...