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Example of flat piece of concrete having dislodged with corroded rebar underneath, Welland River bridge across Queen Elizabeth Way in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The expansion of the corrosion products (iron oxides) of carbon steel reinforcement structures may induce internal mechanical stress (tensile stress) that cause the formation of cracks and disrupt the concrete structure.
More notable, however, is the extremely high ultimate strain value of 5.6% when compared to most FRC's ultimate strain values ranging in the few hundredths of a percent. The first crack stress and first crack strain values are significantly low compared to normal concrete, both the result of the multiple crack phenomenon associated with HPFRCCs.
When a reinforced concrete member is put in tension, after cracking, the member elongates by widening of cracks and by formation of new cracks. Figure 1 Formation of internal cracks. Ignoring the small elastic strain in the concrete between the cracks, we can relate the crack width to the strain of the member by:
Conventionally the term concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel. However, other materials are often used to reinforce concrete e.g. organic and inorganic fibres, composites in different forms. While compared to its compressive strength, concrete is weak in tension. Thus adding reinforcement increases the strength ...
It not only seals the cracks but also partially or entirely recovers the mechanical properties of the structural elements. This kind of concrete is also known as self-repairing concrete. Because concrete has a poor tensile strength compared to other building materials, it often develops cracks in the surface. These cracks reduce the durability ...
Steel frame structure Rectangular steel frame, or "perimeter frame" of the Willis building (at right) contrasted against the diagrid frame at 30 St Mary Axe (at center), in London. Steel frame is a building technique with a " skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams , constructed in a rectangular grid to support the ...
Hybrid masonry is a new type of building system that uses engineered, reinforced masonry to brace frame structures. Typically, hybrid masonry is implemented with concrete masonry panels used to brace steel frame structures. The basic concept is to attach a reinforced concrete masonry panel to a structural steel frame such that some combination ...
S-FRAME Software Inc., (now part of Altair) formerly SOFTEK Services Ltd. [1] [2] is a Canadian engineering software company that develops analysis and design software for use by civil and structural engineers. S-FRAME was founded in 1981 by George Casoli, FCSCE, P.Eng. [3] The company was acquired in 2021 by Altair Engineering. [4]
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