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Oxidative deamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs primarily in the liver. [1] Oxidative deamination is stereospecific, meaning it contains different stereoisomers as reactants and products; this process is either catalyzed by L or D- amino acid ...
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. [1] Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases. In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy.
DNA oxidation is the process of oxidative damage of deoxyribonucleic acid.As described in detail by Burrows et al., [1] 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is the most common oxidative lesion observed in duplex DNA because guanine has a lower one-electron reduction potential than the other nucleosides in DNA.
Oxidative deamination is the first step to breaking down the amino acids so that they can be converted to sugars. The process begins by removing the amino group of the amino acids. The amino group becomes ammonium as it is lost and later undergoes the urea cycle to become urea, in the liver. It is then released into the blood stream, where it ...
They often arise by oxidative deamination of amino acids, and reciprocally, they are precursors to the same. Alpha-keto acids possesses extensive chemistry as acylation agents. [3] Furthermore, alpha-keto acids such as phenylpyruvic acid are endogenous sources for carbon monoxide (as a gasotransmitter) and pharmaceutical prodrug scaffold. [4]
Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. In the first part of the reaction, cofactor FAD oxidizes the substrate yielding the corresponding imine which converts the cofactor into its reduced form FADH2. The imine is then non-enzymatically hydrolyzed to the corresponding ketone (or aldehyde) and ammonia.
In an alternative oxidative deamination pathway, 5hmC can be oxidatively deaminated by activity-induced cytidine deaminase/apolipoprotein B mRNA editing complex deaminases to form 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) or 5mC can be converted to thymine (Thy).
Oxidative DNA damage can produce more than 20 types of altered bases [10] [11] as well as single strand breaks. [ 12 ] Other types of endogeneous DNA damages, given below with their frequencies of occurrence, include depurinations , depyrimidinations , double-strand breaks , O6-methylguanines , and cytosine deamination .