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Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
The primary cause triggers an uncontrolled inflammatory response. [citation needed] Sepsis is the most common cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and may result in septic shock. In the absence of infection, a sepsis-like disorder is termed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Both SIRS and sepsis could ultimately progress to ...
Adrenal hemorrhage characteristic of the Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome has been identified in several autopsies of patients who died of sepsis secondary to capnocytophaga canimorsus infection. [8] Viruses may also be implicated in adrenal problems: Cytomegalovirus can cause adrenal insufficiency, [9] especially in the immunocompromised.
Fungal sepsis accounts for approximately 5% of severe sepsis and septic shock cases; the most common cause of fungal sepsis is an infection by Candida species of yeast, [29] a frequent hospital-acquired infection. The most common causes for parasitic sepsis are Plasmodium (which leads to malaria), Schistosoma and Echinococcus.
In septic patients, these clinical signs can also be seen in other proinflammatory conditions, such as trauma, burns, pancreatitis, etc. A follow-up conference, therefore, decided to define the patients with a documented or highly suspicious infection that results in a systemic inflammatory response as having sepsis. [ 18 ]
Vitas charged Medicare $652 for each day Maples was in its inpatient facility. Moving patients into hospice-run facilities without cause, and for the express purpose of padding billing, was the allegation at the center of the critical audit way back in 1991. Dunn said no one from Vitas contacted him to discuss the decision to move his grandmother.
Bacteremia can have several important health consequences. Immune responses to the bacteria can cause sepsis and septic shock, which, particularly if severe sepsis and then septic shock occurs, have high mortality rates, especially if not treated quickly (though, if treated early, currently mild sepsis can usually be dealt with successfully). [6]
In septic shock the blood flow in the microvasculature is abnormal with some capillaries underperfused and others with normal to high blood flow. [5] The endothelial cells lining the blood vessels become less responsive to vasoconstrictive agents, lose their glycocalyx (normal coating) and negative ionic charge, become leaky and cause extensive ...