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A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a typically conical volcano built up by many alternating layers of hardened lava and tephra. [1] Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and explosive eruptions. [2] Some have collapsed summit craters called calderas. [3]
A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. [1] They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano. [ 2 ]
[2] [5] A tuff ring is a related type of small monogenetic volcano that is also produced by phreatic (hydrovolcanic) explosions directly associated with magma brought to the surface through a conduit from a deep-seated magma reservoir. They are characterized by rims that have a low, broad topographic profiles and gentle topographic slopes that ...
Tallest active volcano in Europe. Recently erupted in 2013 and volcanic activity is still ongoing. Listed as a Decade Volcano. Mount Vesuvius, located 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) east of Naples in Campania. Famous for its violent eruption in August 24, A.D. 79. Its last eruption happened in March 1944. Designated a Decade Volcano.
They are also known as composite volcanoes because they are created from multiple structures during different kinds of eruptions; the main conduit bringing magma to the surface branches into multiple secondary conduits and occasional laccoliths or sills, the branching conduits may form parasitic cones on the flanks of the main cone. [2]
In the continental U.S., the most recent cataclysmic eruption of a volcano was Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980. “Vancouver, Vancouver, this is it!” radioed U.S. Geological Survey scientist ...
Two long-dormant “supervolcanoes” on two separate continents appear to be stirring to life. Well, maybe. In recent months, more than a thousand minor earthquakes have rattled the area around ...
On 4 November 2024, the volcano spewed molten debris at several villages some 4 km (2.5 mi) away, destroying homes and killing at least nine. [74] The Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation recommended that a 7 km (4.3 mi) radius around the volcano be evacuated. [75] Seven villages were affected by the eruption. [76]