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2. Kant's antinomies - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant's_antinomies

   Kant's antinomies are four: two "mathematical" and two "dynamical". They are connected with (1) the limitation of the universe in respect of space and time, (2) the theory that the whole consists of indivisible atoms (whereas, in fact, none such exist), (3) the problem of free will in relation to universal causality, and (4) the existence of a necessary being.

3. Opposite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite

   The term antonym (and the related antonymy) is commonly taken to be synonymous with opposite, but antonym also has other more restricted meanings. Graded (or gradable) antonyms are word pairs whose meanings are opposite and which lie on a continuous spectrum (hot, cold).

4. Thesaurus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaurus

   Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. A modern english thesaurus. A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms ...

5. Contronym - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contronym

   Hindi: कल and Urdu: کل (kal) may mean either "yesterday" or "tomorrow" (disambiguated by the verb in the sentence).; Icelandic: fram eftir can mean "toward the sea" or "away from the sea" depending on dialect.

6. Contingency (philosophy) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_(philosophy)

   Contingency is one of three basic modes alongside necessity and possibility. In modal logic, a contingent statement stands in the modal realm between what is necessary and what is impossible, never crossing into the territory of either status. Contingent and necessary statements form the complete set of possible statements.

7. Occam's razor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor

   Rather than argue for the necessity of a god, some theists base their belief upon grounds independent of, or prior to, reason, making Occam's razor irrelevant. This was the stance of Søren Kierkegaard , who viewed belief in God as a leap of faith that sometimes directly opposed reason. [ 66 ]

8. Accidental necessity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidental_Necessity

   In philosophy and logic, accidental necessity, often stated in its Latin form, necessitas per accidens, refers to the necessity attributed to the past by certain views of time. It is a controversial concept: its supporters argue that it has intuitive validity while others contest it creates a contradiction in terms by positing such a thing as a ...

9. Modality (semantics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modality_(semantics)

   The modal base here is the knowledge of the speaker, the modal force is necessity. By contrast, (5) could be paraphrased as 'Given his abilities, the strength of his teeth, etc., it is possible for John to open a beer bottle with his teeth'. Here, the modal base is defined by a subset of John's abilities, the modal force is possibility.