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  2. False statements of fact - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_statements_of_fact

    The legal rule itself – how to apply this exception – is complicated, as it is often dependent on who said the statement and which actor it was directed towards. [6] The analysis is thus different if the government or a public figure is the target of the false statement (where the speech may get more protection) than a private individual who is being attacked over a matter of their private ...

  3. Misrepresentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misrepresentation

    In common law jurisdictions, a misrepresentation is a false or misleading [1] statement of fact made during negotiations by one party to another, the statement then inducing that other party to enter into a contract.

  4. False friend - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_friend

    An example of false friends in German and English. In linguistics, a false friend is a word in a different language that looks or sounds similar to a word in a given language, but differs significantly in meaning.

  5. Plain meaning rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_meaning_rule

    The plain meaning rule attempts to guide courts faced with litigation that turns on the meaning of a term not defined by the statute, or on that of a word found within a definition itself. According to the plain meaning rule, absent a contrary definition within the statute, words must be given their plain, ordinary and literal meaning.

  6. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    False authority (single authority) – using an expert of dubious credentials or using only one opinion to promote a product or idea. Related to the appeal to authority. False dilemma (false dichotomy, fallacy of bifurcation, black-or-white fallacy) – two alternative statements are given as the only possible options when, in reality, there ...

  7. Fraud Act 2006 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraud_Act_2006

    "Fraud by false representation" is defined by Section 2 of the Act as a case where a person makes "any representation as to fact or law ... express or implied" which they know to be untrue or misleading.

  8. IRAC - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAC

    In the IRAC method of legal analysis, the "issue" is simply a legal question that must be answered. An issue arises when the facts of a case present a legal ambiguity that must be resolved in a case, and legal researchers (whether paralegals, law students, lawyers, or judges) typically resolve the issue by consulting legal precedent (existing statutes, past cases, court rules, etc.).

  9. False confession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_confession

    A false confession is an admission of guilt for a crime which the individual did not commit. Although such confessions seem counterintuitive, they can be made voluntarily, perhaps to protect a third party, or induced through coercive interrogation techniques.