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Official Indian government estimates claim a few hundred thousand labourers are bonded labourers; while a 1978 estimate placed bonded labour in India to be 2.62 million. [64] The 32nd National Sample Survey Organisation survey in India estimated 343,000 bonded labourers in 16 major states, of which 285,379 were located and freed by 1996. [ 65 ]
The Indian indenture system was a system of indentured servitude, by which more than 1.6 million workers [1] from British India were transported to labour in European colonies, as a substitute for slave labour, following the abolition of the trade in the early 19th century.
Indian labour law refers to law regulating labour in India. Traditionally, the Indian government at the federal and state levels has sought to ensure a high degree of protection for workers, but in practice, this differs due to the form of government and because labour is a subject in the concurrent list of the Indian Constitution .
Child labour free zones have been promoted in India: a child labour free zone (CLFZ) is "a defined area, such as a village or a plantation, where everyone is convinced that 'No child should be working, every child should be in school!' [81] The concept was introduced in 1992 by an Indian organisation, the Mamidipudi Venkatarangaiya Foundation ...
Under Article 23 of The Constitution of India, Prohibition is imposed on the practice of Traffic in Human Being and of Forced Labor. It also provides that contravention of said prohibition is an offense under law. The practice of bonded labor was prevalent in 20th century Indian society. Under this system when an elder of an Indian family took ...
The second National Commission on Labour (NCL) was set up on 15 October 1999 [4] under the chairmanship of Ravindra Varma which submitted its report to the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 29 June 2002. [5] The first National Commission on Labour recommended that works committee be set up in any unit which has a recognized union.
The employment system of interstate migrant labour was an exploitative system prevalent more or less all over India. It was rampantly institutionalized in Orissa and in some other states. In Orissa the migrant labour (called dadan labour locally) through contractors or agents (called Sardars / Khatedars) are sent for work outside the state in ...
Bonded labour was legally abolished in India in 1976 but remains prevalent, with weak enforcement of the law by state governments. Estimates of the problem vary. Official figures include a 1993 estimate of 251,000 bonded labourers [2] while BMM says there are 20 - 65 million bonded labourers.