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Labour in India refers to employment in the economy of India. In 2020, there were around 476.67 million workers in India, the second largest after China. [ 2 ] Out of which, agriculture industry consist of 41.19%, industry sector consist of 26.18% and service sector consist 32.33% of total labour force. [ 2 ]
Indian labour law refers to law regulating labour in India. Traditionally, the Indian government at the federal and state levels has sought to ensure a high degree of protection for workers, but in practice, this differs due to the form of government and because labour is a subject in the concurrent list of the Indian Constitution .
The second National Commission on Labour (NCL) was set up on 15 October 1999 [4] under the chairmanship of Ravindra Varma which submitted its report to the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 29 June 2002. [5] The first National Commission on Labour recommended that works committee be set up in any unit which has a recognized union.
The Triumph of Labour statue. On a summer evening in May 1923, M. Singaravelu, a labour union leader, conducted a meeting at the Marina Beach near Triplicane, calling for recognition of workers' rights, and pledged to create a political party to represent the rights of labourers, which was India's first ever May Day rally. [2]
The Indian indenture system was a system of indentured servitude, by which more than 1.6 million workers [1] from British India were transported to labour in European colonies, as a substitute for slave labour, following the abolition of the trade in the early 19th century.
The institution represented unfree labor with fewer rights, but "the supposed slavery in [ancient] India was of mild character and limited extent" like Babylonian and Hebrew slavery, in contrast to the Hellenic world. [32] The "unfree labor" could be of two types in ancient India: the underadsatva and the ahitaka, states Ishay. [32]
The report surprised many by concurring with the criticisms of Mahatma Gandhi and others that poverty was the cause of India's social and industrial problems. It was also critical of British employers' role in perpetuating the problems. [2] The Royal Commission on Labour in 1931 pointed out the need for systematic collection of labour statistics.
The Ministry of Labour & Employment is one of the oldest and most important Ministries of the Government of India. This is an India's federal ministry which is responsible for enforcement of labour laws in general and legislations related to a worker's social security . [ 2 ]