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Protruding ear, otapostasis or bat ear is an abnormally prominent human ear. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The concha is large with poorly developed antihelix and scapha. It is the result of malformation of cartilage during primitive ear development in intrauterine life. [1] The deformity can be corrected anytime after five years of age.
Aside from intellectual disability, prominent characteristics of the syndrome may include an elongated face, large or protruding ears, flat feet, larger testes (macroorchidism), and low muscle tone. [11] [12] Recurrent otitis media (middle ear infection) and sinusitis is common during early childhood.
Low-set ears are defined as the outer ears being positioned two or more standard deviations lower than the population average. [1] Clinically, if the point at which the helix (curved upper part) of the outer ear meets the cranium is at or below the line connecting the inner canthi of eyes (the bicanthal plane), the ears are considered low set ...
Facial features include widely spaced eyes, light-colored eyes, low-set ears, a short neck, and a small lower jaw. [1] Heart problems may include pulmonary valve stenosis. [1] The breast bone may either protrude or be sunken, while the spine may be abnormally curved. [1] Intelligence is often normal. [1] Complications of NS can include leukemia ...
Some physical malformations associated with Edwards' syndrome include small head (microcephaly) accompanied by a prominent back portion of the head , low-set, malformed ears, abnormally small jaw (micrognathia), cleft lip/cleft palate, upturned nose, narrow eyelid openings (blepharophimosis), widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), drooping ...
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Widely spaced eyes, low hairline, drooping eyes, interdigital webbing, deformed ears, crossed eyes, and downward sloping palpebral fissures: TWIST1: Robinow–Sorauf syndrome: Widely spaced eyes, deviated septum, flat skull posterior, deformed ears, crossed eyes, protruding jaw, and duplication of distal phalanx: TWIST1: Muenke syndrome