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Authors may more severely abbreviate glosses than is the norm, if they are particularly frequent within a text, e.g. IP rather than IMM.PST for 'immediate past'. This helps keep the gloss graphically aligned with the parsed text when the abbreviations are longer than the morphemes they gloss.
Ruby text – a gloss sometimes used with Chinese or Japanese to show the pronunciation; Part-of-speech tagging, often displayed as interlinear glosses under the tagged words, sometimes at the same time as an interlinear word-by-word translation; Treebanks, often displayed as a gloss or annotation to the original text.
For example, a contextual gloss of the word cats (a noun) might be the noun phrase members of the family Felidae (to distinguish it from the narrow meaning domestic cats), and a translating gloss of the Spanish verb vivir is a verb phrase in English, to live. Some terms are difficult or impossible to define with a gloss.
Unlike in English writing, the full stop mark is employed for all sentences, even questions (as seen here). Breaks in the sentence, as seen below, are denoted by the shoulder shift mark (). The text on the right is from Chapters 1:2–4 of the Book of Ruth. The first quoted text is the verse in English and the second is an ASL gloss.
A gloss is a notation regarding the main text in a document. Shown is a parchment page from the Royal Library of Copenhagen. A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal or interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text. It may be in the language of the text or in the reader's language if that is different.
However, even examples like "Cow-it" and "I-I-I" remain controversial. There is ambiguity in defining and identifying idioms in American Sign Language as little is known of ASL's use of idioms. Cokely & Baker-Shenk write, "ASL seems to have very few widely-used idioms, according to the standard definition of 'idiom.'" [5]
ProDeaf (WebLibras) [14] is a computer software that can translate both text and voice into Portuguese Libras (Portuguese Sign Language) "with the goal of improving communication between the deaf and hearing." [15] There is currently a beta edition in production for American Sign Language as well. The original team began the project in 2010 ...
According to the U.S. Department of Justice, a qualified interpreter is “someone who is able to interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially, both receptively (i.e., understanding what the person with the disability is saying) and expressively (i.e., having the skill needed to convey information back to that person) using any necessary specialized vocabulary.” [2] ASL interpreters ...