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The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of fibrocartilage located at the peripheral aspect of the knee joint that offers lubrication and nutrition to the joint. Each knee has two menisci, medial and lateral, whose purpose is to provide space between the tibia and the femur, preventing friction and allowing for the diffusion of articular cartilage.
The knee joint contains two crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures, the menisci (medial and lateral), which serve as shock absorbers and stabilize the joint during movement. Each meniscus has an outer vascular zone (red-red zone), which has a good blood supply and healing potential as well as a central avascular zone (white-white zone ...
Arthroscopy is a surgical technique in which a joint is operated on using an endoscopic camera as opposed to open surgery on the joint. The meniscus can either be repaired or completely removed. [20] Surgery is not appropriate for a degenerative meniscus tear, absent locking or catching of the knee, recurrent effusion or persistent pain. [25]
Knee arthroscopy, or arthroscopic knee surgery, is a surgery that uses arthroscopic techniques. It has, in many cases, replaced the classic open surgery that was performed in the past. Arthroscopic knee surgery is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures, performed approximately 2 million times worldwide each year. [2]
The surgery is performed by arthroscopy, after the joint is cleaned of calcified cartilage. Through use of an awl , the surgeon creates tiny fractures in the subchondral bone plate. [ 10 ] Blood and bone marrow (which contains stem cells ) seep out of the fractures, creating a blood clot that releases cartilage-building cells .
A meniscus transplant or meniscal transplant is a transplant of the meniscus of the knee, which separates the thigh bone from the lower leg bone . The worn or damaged meniscus is removed and is replaced with a new one from a donor. The meniscus to be transplanted is taken from a cadaver, and, as such, is known as an allograft.
In 1984, Stone, at the encouragement of his mentor Dr. Steadman, turned his focus to replacing the meniscus cartilage in the knee joint. After two years of research to understand the biomechanics and biology of the meniscus, Dr. Stone concluded that if he couldn’t replace the meniscus, possibly he could re-grow it.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI, ATC code M09AX02 ()) is a biomedical treatment that repairs damages in articular cartilage.ACI provides pain relief while at the same time slowing down the progression or considerably delaying partial or total joint replacement (knee replacement) surgery.