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The elephants with longer trunks had an advantage because this trait made resources more accessible for them. Therefore, elephants with longer trunks were likely to survive longer and reproduce. As a result, long trunks within the population increased because this inheritable trait gave individuals an advantage in their environment.
[28] [50] The trunk of an adult Asian elephant is capable of retaining 8.5 L (2.2 US gal) of water. [44] They will also sprinkle dust or grass on themselves. [28] When underwater, the elephant uses its trunk as a snorkel. [51] The trunk also acts as a sense organ. Its sense of smell may be four times greater than a bloodhound's nose. [52]
The trunk is a prehensile elongation of its upper lip and nose. This highly sensitive organ is innervated primarily by the trigeminal nerve, and is thought to be manipulated by about 40,000–60,000 muscles. Because of this muscular structure, the trunk is so strong that elephants can use it to lift about 3% of their own body weight.
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Jumbo (December 25, 1860 – September 15, 1885), also known as Jumbo the Elephant and Jumbo the Circus Elephant, was a 19th-century male African bush elephant born in Sudan. Jumbo was exported to Jardin des Plantes , a zoo in Paris , and then transferred in 1865 to London Zoo in England.
Ever since the Stone Age, when elephants were represented by ancient petroglyphs and cave art, they have been portrayed in various forms of art, including pictures, sculptures, music, film, and even architecture. Elephant scalp worn by Demetrius I of Bactria (205–171 BC), founder of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, as a symbol of his conquest.