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Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and men. [13] It is also being studied for other types of cancer. [13] It has been used for Albright syndrome. [14] Tamoxifen is typically taken daily by mouth for five years for breast cancer. [14]
One of the largest breast cancer prevention studies ever, [2] it included 22,000 women in 400 medical centers in the United States and Canada. [3] [4] [5]The study concluded that raloxifene caused fewer side-effects and less endometrial cancer than tamoxifen.
Jordan, V.C. A current view of tamoxifen for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer (Gaddum Memorial Lecture)" British Journal of Pharmacology 110:507-517, 1993. (257 citations as of May 26, 2021). Jordan, V.C. and Morrow, M.M. Tamoxifen, raloxifene and the prevention of breast cancer. Endocrine Reviews 20:253-278, 1999.
N-Desmethyltamoxifen (developmental code name ICI-55,548) is a major metabolite of tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). [1] [2] N-Desmethyltamoxifen is further metabolized into endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen), which is thought to be the major active form of tamoxifen in the body.
A very low dose of a chemical agent may trigger from an organism the opposite response to a very high dose.. Radiation hormesis proposes that radiation exposure comparable to and just above the natural background level of radiation is not harmful but beneficial, while accepting that much higher levels of radiation are hazardous.
Low-dose chemotherapy is being studied/used in the treatment of cancer to avoid the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Historically, oncologists have used the highest possible dose that the body can tolerate in order to kill as many cancer cells as possible. [1] After high-dose treatments, the body reacts, sometimes quite severely.
An example of a medication is a prescription drug.. A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal product, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
The ICLDRR assembles all published data and conducts analyses concerning the effects of low doses of radiation on humans and in the environment. ICLDRR's main focus is to contribute to clarifying whether low and very low doses of ionizing radiation increase the risk of cancer. To that end, the ICLDRR has assembled and analysed virtually all ...