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In lab animal models, BPA is considered to be both an ovarian and uterine toxicant as it impairs endometrial proliferation, decreases uterine receptivity and decreases the chances for successful implantation of the embryo [47] The adverse reproductive toxicological impacts of bisphenol A have been better studied in females than in males.
However, it is the impact BPA has on breast cancer development in humans is unclear, as it is difficult to quantify an individual's BPA exposure over their lifetime. [67] BPA, which includes a phenolic structure, has shown an association with agonist and antagonistic endocrine receptors that facilitate endocrine disorders such as breast and ...
4-Methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (MBP) is a metabolite of bisphenol A (BPA). [1] MBP has potent estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo, up to thousandfold stronger than BPA. [2] It may also play a role in neuronal cell apoptosis [3] and may increase risk for several forms of cancer. [4] [5] [6]
Cancer starts when new cells form unneeded, and old or damaged cells do not die as they should. The buildup of extra cells often forms a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. These abnormal cancer cells have many genetic abnormalities that cause them to grow excessively. [9]
Despite its short half-life and non-bioaccumulating character, the continuous release of BPA into the environment causes continuous exposure to both plant [108] and animal life. Although many studies have been performed, these often focus on a limited range of model organisms and can use BPA concentrations well beyond environmental levels. [ 109 ]
Cancer is caused by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. The basic cause of sporadic (non-familial) cancers is DNA damage and genomic instability. [1] [2] A minority of cancers are due to inherited genetic mutations. [3] Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or behavioral exposures. [4]
The chemical, which is the active ingredient in the weed killer Roundup, can allegedly cause cancer. The oat products tested were made by General Mills, including several Cheerios varieties and ...
A comparison of the structures of the natural estrogen hormone estradiol (left) and one of the nonyl-phenols (right), a xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor. Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents, [1] endocrine disrupting chemicals, [2] or endocrine disrupting compounds [3] are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems. [4]