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The Airbus A320 family was the first airliner to feature a full glass cockpit and digital fly-by-wire flight control system. The only analogue instruments were the radio magnetic indicator, brake pressure indicator, standby altimeter and artificial horizon, the latter two being replaced by a digital integrated standby instrument system in later production models.
The most well-known is the system of normal, alternate, direct laws and mechanical alternate control laws of the Airbus A320-A380. [3] The other is Boeing's fly-by-wire system, used in the Boeing 777, Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Boeing 747-8. [4] [6]
A fly-by-wire (FBW) system replaces manual flight control of an aircraft with an electronic interface. The movements of flight controls are converted to electronic signals transmitted by wires (hence the term fly-by-wire), and flight control computers determine how to move the actuators at each control surface to provide the expected response ...
The side-stick is used in many modern military fighter aircraft, such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon, Mitsubishi F-2, Dassault Rafale, and F-22 Raptor, F-35 Lightning 2, Chengdu J-20, AIDC F-CK 1 Ching-Kuo and also on civil aircraft, such as the Sukhoi Superjet 100, Airbus A320 and all subsequent Airbus aircraft, [2] including the largest passenger jet in service, the Airbus A380.
The A380 is offered with the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 (A380-841/-842) or the Engine Alliance GP7000 (A380-861) turbofan engines. [153] The Trent 900 is a combination of the 3 m (118 in) fan and scaled IP compressor of the 777-200X/300X Trent 8104 technology demonstrator derived from the Boeing 777's Trent 800 , and the Airbus A340-500/600's Trent ...
This type of network can significantly reduce wire runs, thus the weight of the aircraft. In addition, AFDX can provide quality of service and dual link redundancy. Building on the experience from the A380, the Airbus A350 also uses an AFDX network, with avionics and systems supplied by Rockwell Collins. [6]
ARINC 664 Part 7 defines the use of a deterministic Ethernet network as an avionic databus in later aircraft like the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787. This standard defines virtual point-to-point connections implementing the same concept as used in ARINC 429. In contrast to 429, these connections do not exist physically, but as TDMA logical ...
An example of usability testing is the development of fly-by-wire flight controls. Fly-by-wire flight controls eliminate the mechanical linkages between the flight controls and the aircraft control surfaces. Sensors communicate the demanded flight response and then apply realistic force feedback to the fly-by-wire controls using motors. The ...