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The method was developed by Henri Marcus and described in 1938 in Die Theorie elastischer Gewebe und ihre Anwendung auf die Berechnung biegsamer Platten. [1] The method adapts the strip method and is based on an elastic analysis of torsionally restrained two-way rectangular slabs with a uniformly distributed load.
They carried out an extensive series of field tests, which led to the introduction of an empirical method of design into the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code in 1979. [39] This required minimum isotropic reinforcement (0.3%) in bridge deck slabs, provided certain boundary conditions were satisfied.
The Wood–Armer method is a structural analysis method based on finite element analysis used to design the reinforcement for concrete slabs. [1] This method provides simple equations to design a concrete slab based on the output from a finite element analysis software.
This can yield time savings of up to 40% compared with traditional solid slabs. [1] However, this is heavily dependent on the particular system, and systems relying on onsite placement of void formers requires much more labor than solid slabs. [2] Compared to one-way hollow-core slabs, biaxial slabs are more resistant to seismic disturbance.
A balanced-reinforced beam is one in which both the compressive and tensile zones reach yielding at the same imposed load on the beam, and the concrete will crush and the tensile steel will yield at the same time. This design criterion is however as risky as over-reinforced concrete, because failure is sudden as the concrete crushes at the same ...
Certain material properties of aluminum 2024 have been determined experimentally, such as the tensile yield strength (324 MPa) and the modulus of elasticity (73.1 GPa). [ 6 ] The Euler formula could be used to plot a failure curve, but it would not be accurate below a certain l k {\displaystyle {\frac {l}{k}}} value, the critical slenderness ratio.
Within the branch of materials science known as material failure theory, the Goodman relation (also called a Goodman diagram, a Goodman-Haigh diagram, a Haigh diagram or a Haigh-Soderberg diagram) is an equation used to quantify the interaction of mean and alternating stresses on the fatigue life of a material. [1]
In tempered glasses, air jets are used to rapidly cool the top and bottom surfaces of a softened (hot) slab of glass. Since the surface cools quicker, there is more free volume at the surface than in the bulk melt. The core of the slab then pulls the surface inward, resulting in an internal compressive stress at the surface.