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Hypertrophic scars are red to brown and thick and may be itchy or painful. They do not extend beyond the boundary of the original wound, but may continue to thicken for up to six months. Hypertrophic scars usually improve over one or two years, but may cause distress due to their appearance or the intensity of the itching; they can also ...
Fibrosis, also known as fibrotic scarring, is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue. [1] [2]
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia. [14] This tissue may be further divided into two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. [3] The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell. [14]
The great disadvantage, seen years later, is the numerous scallop scars, and the appearance of a lesion called a "recurrent melanocytic nevus"; many "shave" excisions do not penetrate the dermis or subcutaneous fat enough to include the entire melanocytic lesion, and residual melanocytes regrow into the scar. The combination of scarring ...
Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timing of wound re-epithelialization can decide the outcome of the healing. [11] If the epithelization of tissue over a denuded area is slow, a scar will form over many weeks, or months; [12] [13] If the epithelization of a wounded area is fast, the healing will result in regeneration.
In severe cases, it can affect movement of skin. In the United States, keloid scars are seen 15 times more frequently in people of sub-Saharan African descent than in people of European descent. [3] There is a higher tendency to develop a keloid among those with a family history of keloids and people between the ages of 10 and 30 years. [4]
The tissue injury in SCARs is initiated principally by CD8 + or CD4 + T cells. Once drug-activated, these lymphocytes elicit immune responses to self tissues that can result in SCARs drug reactions by mechanisms which vary with the type of disorder that develops. Salient elements mediating tissue injury for each type of disorder include: [2] [13]
This malignant change of the wound happens a long time after initial trauma, usually 10–25 years later. Its edge is everted and not always raised. More recent transcriptional analysis suggests that chronically impeded extracellular matrix turnover and epithelium-to-mesenchyme transitions in neglected scar tissue might give rise to this ...