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X-ray shoulder showing light bulb sign (left) in posterior shoulder dislocation. The image on the right was taken after reposition. The light bulb sign is a radiological finding observed on plain radiographs in the context of posterior shoulder dislocation. [1]
It has been shown that patients who do not receive surgery after a shoulder dislocation do not experience recurrent dislocations within two years of the initial injury. [5] About 1.7% of people have a shoulder dislocation within their lifetime. [3] In the United States this is about 24 per 100,000 people per year. [1]
The Cunningham technique was originally published in 2003 and is an anatomically based method of shoulder reduction that utilizes positioning (analgesic position), voluntary scapular retraction, and bicipital massage. [7] If performed correctly most patients do not require analgesia for the performance of this technique.
SLAP is an acronym for "Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior". [1] SLAP lesions are commonly seen in overhead throwing athletes but middle-aged labor workers can also be affected, and they can be caused by chronic overuse or an acute stretch injury of the shoulder.
In a population with recurrent dislocation using findings at surgery as the gold standard, a sensitivity of 96% was demonstrated. [4] In a second study of patients with continuing shoulder instability after trauma, and using double contrast CT as a gold standard, a sensitivity of over 95% was demonstrated for ultrasound. [ 5 ]
Evaluation of passive and active range of motion: Neck range of motion should be assessed that may reveal a neck source of shoulder pain. The Apley scratch test specifically tests range of motion and in a normal exam, an individual should be able to reach C7 on external rotation, and T7 on internal rotation.
Medical history (the patient tells the doctor about an injury). For shoulder problems the medical history includes the patient's age, dominant hand, if injury affects normal work/activities as well as details on the actual shoulder problem including acute versus chronic and the presence of shoulder catching, instability, locking, pain, paresthesias (burning sensation), stiffness, swelling, and ...
A dislocated shoulder can be treated with: arthroscopic repairs; repair of the glenoid labrum (anterior or posterior) [1] In some cases, arthroscopic surgery is not enough to fix the injured shoulder. When the shoulder dislocates too many times and is worn down, the ball and socket are not lined up correctly.