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In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system , one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.
Computer engineers typically describe a modern computer's operation in terms of classical electrodynamics.Within these "classical" computers, some components (such as semiconductors and random number generators) may rely on quantum behavior, but these components are not isolated from their environment, so any quantum information quickly decoheres.
Qubits are used in quantum circuits and quantum algorithms composed of quantum logic gates to solve computational problems, where they are used for input/output and intermediate computations. A physical qubit is a physical device that behaves as a two-state quantum system, used as a component of a computer system.
Quantum information is the information of the state of a quantum system. It is the basic entity of study in quantum information theory, [1] [2] [3] and can be manipulated using quantum information processing techniques. Quantum information refers to both the technical definition in terms of Von Neumann entropy and the general computational term.
A quantum computer is controlled by a classical computer, and behaves like a coprocessor that receives instructions from the classical computer about what gates to execute on which qubits. [13]: 42–43 [14] Classical control is simply the inclusion, or omission, of gates in the instruction sequence for the quantum computer.
Quantum memory is essential for the development of many devices in quantum information processing, including a synchronization tool that can match the various processes in a quantum computer, a quantum gate that maintains the identity of any state, and a mechanism for converting predetermined photons into on-demand photons. Quantum memory can ...
Quantum computers store zeros and ones simultaneously in quantum bits (qubits), which allows them to hold fractional values and process massive amounts of data at a much faster rate.
Topological quantum computer. [8] [9] External links. Quantum Computing Glossary by Jack Krupansky References This page was last edited on 31 July 2024, at 04:14 ...