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When we speak of English as a foreign language (EFL), we are referring to the role of English for learners in a country where English is not spoken by the majority (what Braj Kachru calls the expanding circle). English as a second language (ESL) refers to the role of English for learners in an English-speaking country, i.e. usually immigrants ...
The Oxford Placement Test is designed to provide a quick, accurate measurement of a test taker's English language ability on the CEFR scale. The test consists of two sections: Language Use and Listening. Within the Use of English Section, in addition to standard grammar, lexis and listening questions, the test design focuses on meaning beyond ...
The CaMLA EPT can be used with learners of English as a second language at all levels, from beginners to advanced. It tests the following key skills: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, grammatical knowledge and vocabulary range. The test can be taken on either a computer or on paper.
This is a comparison of English dictionaries, which are dictionaries about the language of English.The dictionaries listed here are categorized into "full-size" dictionaries (which extensively cover the language, and are targeted to native speakers), "collegiate" (which are smaller, and often contain other biographical or geographical information useful to college students), and "learner's ...
Word coinage This refers to learners creating new words or phrases for words that they do not know. For example, a learner might refer to an art gallery as a "picture place". [2] Language switch Learners may insert a word from their first language into a sentence, and hope that their interlocutor will understand. [3] [9] Asking for clarification
The Young Learners Tests of English (YLTE) is a set of English language tests for learners in primary and middle grades. The tests are developed by CaMLA, a non-profit collaboration between the University of Michigan and the University of Cambridge. The tests cover all four language skills: listening, reading, writing and speaking.
The Cambridge Word of the Year is led by the data – what users look up – in the world's most popular dictionary for English language learners. [2] In 2022, the Cambridge Word of the Year was 'homer', caused by Wordle players looking up five-letter words, especially those that non-American players were less familiar with. [3] In 2021, the ...
A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms.