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In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. [32] New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, and protected members. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published. This work became the basis for ...
A programming language specification can take several forms, including the following: An explicit definition of the syntax and semantics of the language. While syntax is commonly specified using a formal grammar, semantic definitions may be written in natural language (e.g., the approach taken for the C language), or a formal semantics (e.g., the Standard ML [3] and Scheme [4] specifications).
C++20 is a version of the ISO/IEC 14882 standard for the C++ programming language. C++20 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, called C++17 , and was later replaced by C++23 . [ 1 ] The standard was technically finalized [ 2 ] by WG21 at the meeting in Prague in February 2020, [ 3 ] had its final draft version announced in March 2020 ...
C++17 is a version of the ISO/IEC 14882 standard for the C++ programming language. C++17 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, called C++14 , and was later replaced by C++20 . History
The ANSI/ISO C Specification Language (ACSL) is a specification language for C programs, using Hoare style pre- and postconditions and invariants, that follows the design by contract paradigm. Specifications are written as C annotation comments to the C program, which hence can be compiled with any C compiler.
The standard includes several changes to the C99 language and library specifications, such as [6] Alignment specification (_Alignas specifier, _Alignof operator, aligned_alloc function, <stdalign.h> header) The _Noreturn function specifier and the <stdnoreturn.h> header; Type-generic expressions using the _Generic keyword.
The C++ standard library is a collection of utilities that are shipped with C++ for use by any C++ programmer. It includes input and output, multi-threading, time, regular expressions, algorithms for common tasks, and less common ones (find, for_each, swap, etc.) and lists, maps and hash maps (and the equivalent for sets) and a class called vector that is a resizable array.
C++23, formally ISO/IEC 14882:2024 [1], is the current open standard for the C++ programming language that follows C++20.The final draft of this version is N4950. [2] [3]In February 2020, at the final meeting for C++20 in Prague, an overall plan for C++23 was adopted: [4] [5] planned features for C++23 were library support for coroutines, a modular standard library, executors, and networking.