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The nucleus provides a site for genetic transcription that is segregated from the location of translation in the cytoplasm, allowing levels of gene regulation that are not available to prokaryotes. The main function of the cell nucleus is to control gene expression and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle. [1]: 171
The cytoplasm contains the cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments found in all cells, while the nucleoplasm is believed to contain the nuclear matrix, a hypothetically analogous network of filaments that organizes the organelles and genetic information within the nucleus. While the structure and function of the cytoskeleton have been well ...
Whenever a similar structure can actually be found in living cells remains a topic of discussion. [5] According to some sources, most, if not all proteins found in nuclear matrix are the aggregates of proteins of structures that can be found in the nucleus of living cells.
This includes the transportation of RNA and ribosomal proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, as well as proteins (such as DNA polymerase and lamins), carbohydrates, signaling molecules, and lipids moving into the nucleus. Notably, the nuclear pore complex (NPC) can actively mediate up to 1000 translocations per complex per second.
Though not forming a nucleus, the DNA is condensed in a nucleoid. Plasmids encode additional genes, such as antibiotic resistance genes. On the outside, some prokaryotes have flagella and pili that project from the cell's surface. These are structures made of proteins that facilitate movement and communication between cells.
The SUMO-1 ubiquitin like protein is responsible for modifying PML protein such that it is targeted to dots. [19] whereas overexpression of PML results in programmed cell death. [20] One hypothesized function of the dots is as a 'nuclear dump' or 'storage depot'. [21] The nuclear bodies may not all perform the same function.
A nuclear protein is a protein found in the cell nucleus. [1] Proteins are transported inside the nucleus with the help of the nuclear pore complex, which acts a barrier between cytoplasm and nuclear membrane. The import and export of proteins through the nuclear pore complex plays a fundamental role in gene regulation and other biological ...
The perinucleolar compartment was first discovered on the periphery of the nucleus in 1992 by Andrea Getti et al. while studying the hnRNPI/PTB (polypyrimidine tract binding) protein. [2] Getti found that in addition to the nucleoplasm, the hnRNPI was staining a “discrete unidentified structure” always opposite of the nucleoli.