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In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.
Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae , published in 1801.
Modulus (modular arithmetic), base of modular arithmetic; Modulus, the absolute value of a real or complex number ( | a |) Moduli space, in mathematics a geometric space whose points represent algebro-geometric objects; Conformal modulus, a measure of the size of a curve family; Modulus of continuity, a function gauging the uniform continuity ...
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
For any real number, the absolute value or modulus of is denoted by | |, with a vertical bar on each side of the quantity, and is defined as [8] | | = {,, < The absolute value of x {\displaystyle x} is thus always either a positive number or zero , but never negative .
Young's modulus: pascal (Pa) or newton per square meter (N/m 2) eccentricity: unitless Euler's number (2.71828, base of the natural logarithm) unitless electron: unitless elementary charge: coulomb (C) force: newton (N) Faraday constant: coulombs per mole (C⋅mol −1) frequency
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...