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The risk of multifactorial diseases may get increased due to environmental influences. The disease is not sex-limited but it occurs more frequently in one gender than the other; females are more likely to have neural tube defects compared to males. The disease occurs more commonly in a distinct ethnic group (i.e., Africans, Asians, Caucasians etc.)
A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance [1]), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of ...
However, in rare cases, it can have notable and serious effects on overall health, physical appearance, and other traits. Disorders that most commonly involve de novo mutations include cri-du-chat syndrome, 1p36 deletion syndrome, genetic cancer syndromes, and certain forms of autism, among others. [2]
A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene (monogenic) or multiple genes (polygenic) or by a chromosome abnormality.
Traits controlled by two or more genes are said to be polygenic traits. Polygenic means "many genes" are necessary for the organism to develop the trait. For example, at least three genes are involved in making the reddish-brown pigment in the eyes of fruit flies. Polygenic traits often show a wide range of phenotypes.
At present the best-understood examples of polygenic adaptation are in humans, and particularly for height, a trait that can be interpreted using data from genome-wide association studies. In a 2012 paper, Joel Hirschhorn and colleagues showed that there was a consistent tendency for the "tall" alleles at genome-wide significant loci to be at ...
An immune mediated inflammation of the joints of an animal caused by a dysfunction of the immune system, which attacks various components of the joint. This leads to variable degrees of synovitis, and typically occurs in multiple joints (a polyarthritis).
Examples of unexpected but recently confirmed ancient genome duplications include baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), mustard weed/thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Oryza sativa), and two rounds of whole genome duplication (the 2R hypothesis) in an early evolutionary ancestor of the vertebrates (which includes the human lineage ...