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Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, [2] [3] in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. [4]
Other insects as larvae, sugary liquids such as nectar as adults Other insects, overripe fruit, sugary drinks, human food and food waste, meat [f] Other insects as larvae, sugary liquids such as nectar as adults Sting Barbed. Kills bee; [g] continues pumping. Smooth; can repeat. Retracts. Sting Pain [3] 2 2 1.5–3 depending on species
Some wasps are even parasitoids of parasitoids; the eggs of Euceros are laid beside lepidopteran larvae and the wasp larvae feed temporarily on their haemolymph, but if a parasitoid emerges from the host, the hyperparasites continue their life cycle inside the parasitoid. [19] Parasitoids maintain their extreme diversity through narrow specialism.
Adult wasps lay their eggs in tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) and tomato hornworm (Manduca quinquemaculata) larvae in their 2nd or 3rd instar (each instar is a stage between moltings, i.e. the second instar is the life stage after the first molt and before the second molting) and at the same time injects symbiotic viruses into the hemocoel of the host along with some venom.
Often multiple wasps in different life stages occupy the same gall. The induced galls help establish complex insect communities, promoting the diversification in niche differentiation. Furthermore, the adaptive value of these galls could be attributed their ecological benefits such as nutrition, provision of microenvironment, and enemy avoidance.
The Ichneumonidae, also known as ichneumon wasps, ichneumonid wasps, ichneumonids, or Darwin wasps, are a family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. They are one of the most diverse groups within the Hymenoptera with roughly 25,000 species described as of 2016 [update] . [ 2 ]
Chrysis ignita and its family of chrysidid wasps have evolved effective defenses for their risky life cycle. While the life of a cuckoo wasp may seem easy, it must drop off its young to be raised by a host wasp species. The ruby-tailed wasp has to infiltrate a nest full of defensive mother wasps, often armed with powerful stingers and jaws.
The hymenopteran family Scelionidae is a very large cosmopolitan group (over 3000 described species in some 176 genera) of exclusively parasitoid wasps, mostly small (0.5–10 mm), often black, often highly sculptured, with (typically) elbowed antennae that have a 9- or 10-segmented flagellum.