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Acetazolamide is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase.It is used for glaucoma, epilepsy (rarely), idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and altitude sickness. For the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), acetazolamide inactivates carbonic anhydrase and interferes with the sodium pump, which decreases aqueous humor formation and thus lowers IOP.
Brinzolamide (trade name Azopt) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Brinzolamide was approved as a generic medication in the United States in November 2020. [2]
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, hence causing the accumulation of carbonic acid. [12] Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme found in red blood cells and many other tissues that catalyses the following reaction: [26] H 2 CO 3 ⇌ H 2 O + CO 2. hence lowering blood pH, by means of the following reaction that carbonic acid undergoes: [27]
Dorzolamide/timolol, sold under the brand name Cosopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. [3] [5] [6] It is a combination of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate. [3] It may be used when a beta blocker, like timolol, is not sufficient alone. [7] It is used as an eye drop. [3]
Dichlorphenamide as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is used for the treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma. While Dichlorphenamide does contain two sulfate groups within the structure, it falls under the class of a first generation carbonic anhydrase Inhibitor.
It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of aqueous humor. [3] Dorzolamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994. [3] It is available as a generic medication. [5] In 2022, it was the 201st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. [6] [7]
Glaucoma medication is divided into groups based on chemical structure and pharmacologic action. The goal of currently available glaucoma therapy is to preserve visual function by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients that have an increased intraocular pressure.
Netarsudil, sold under the brand name Rhopressa among others, is a medication for the treatment of glaucoma. [1] [2] [3] In the United States, in December 2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a 0.02% ophthalmic solution for the lowering of elevated intraocular pressure in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
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