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The modern day rate of convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates is measured to be approximately 17 mm/yr. [21] This convergence is accommodated through seismic activity in active fault zones. As a result, the Himalayan range is one of the most seismically active regions in the world.
The Indus-Yarlung suture zone or the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture is a tectonic suture in southern Tibet and across the north margin of the Himalayas which resulted from the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate starting about 52 Ma. [1] The north side of the suture zone is the Ladakh Batholith of the Karakoram-Lhasa Block.
Map of Himalayan tectonostratigraphic zones In geology , tectonostratigraphy is stratigraphy that refers either to rock sequences in which large-scale layering is caused by the stacking of thrust sheets, or nappes , in areas of thrust tectonics or to the effects of tectonics on lithostratigraphy .
[6] By strain, the Main Central Thrust is defined as a broad zone which a few kilometers thick. This zone accommodates most of the ductile shear zones and brittle thrust faults between the lowermost part of the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex and the uppermost part of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. [7] [8]
Tectonic subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid. [1] The movement of crustal plates and accommodation spaces produced by faulting [2] brought about subsidence on a large scale in a variety of environments, including passive margins, aulacogens, fore-arc basins, foreland basins, intercontinental basins and pull-apart basins.
The presumed seismically and tectonically active portion of this fracture zone is known as the Heirtzler transform fault and divides a portion of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge where spreading rates increase towards its axial north from 56 to 66 mm (2.2 to 2.6 in)/year over a distance of 650 km (400 mi). [3]
The MBT was formed as a result of the collision of the Indian continent with Asia.It developed to relieve stresses from the compression of the continental collision.When the MBT initially formed around 10-25 million years ago, [1] it was a system of thrust faults which accommodated stresses from the compression of the continental collision which led to Himalayan uplift.
Analysis shows that the pre-orogenic mechanical/crustal heterogeneities and seafloor morphology exert strong controls on the thrust-belt development in the incipient Taiwan arc-continent collision zone. [5] In accretionary wedges, seismicity activating superimposed thrusts may drive methane and oil upraising from the upper crust. [6]
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