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Bourgeois socialism or conservative socialism was a term used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in various pieces, including in The Communist Manifesto. Conservative socialism was used as a rebuke by Marx for certain strains of socialism but has also been used by proponents of such a system. [ 1 ]
Marxist ethics is a doctrine of morality and ethics that is based on, or derived from, Marxist philosophy. Marx did not directly write about ethical issues and has often been portrayed by subsequent Marxists as a descriptive philosopher rather than a moralist . [ 1 ]
The Marxist view of socialism served as a point of reference during the socialist calculation debate. Marx himself did not use the term socialism to refer to this development. Instead, Marx called it a communist society that has not yet reached its higher-stage. [8] The term socialism was popularized during the Russian Revolution by Vladimir ...
Bourgeois revolution is a term used in Marxist theory to refer to a social revolution that aims to destroy a feudal system or its vestiges, establish the rule of the bourgeoisie, and create a capitalist state. [1] [2] In colonised or subjugated countries, bourgeois revolutions often take the form of a war of national independence.
In sociology, the ruling class of a society is the social class who set and decide the political and economic agenda of society.. In Marxist philosophy, the ruling class are the class who own the means of production in a given society and apply their cultural hegemony to determine and establish the dominant ideology (ideas, culture, mores, norms, traditions) of the society.
[14] [15] The objective of a proletarian revolution, according to Marxists, is to transform the bourgeois state into a workers' state. [16] [17] A traditional Marxist belief was that a proletarian revolution could only occur in a country where capitalism had fully developed, [18] [19] though this changed with Russian Revolution.
The dominant forms of communism are based on Marxism, but non-Marxist versions of communism such as anarchist communism and Christian communism also exist. According to The Oxford Handbook of Karl Marx , "Marx used many terms to refer to a post-capitalist society—positive humanism, socialism, Communism, realm of free individuality, free ...
There had been an increasing disillusionment among left-wing intellectuals with the advent of Stalinism and the viability of Marxism following the Russian Revolution.A number of Trotsky's associates such as Max Eastman, Victor Serge, Boris Souvarine, Ante Ciliga had raised questions about his responsibility over the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion in 1921.