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A modified Arabic script is also used in Iran and Afghanistan, based on the alphabet used for Kazakh before 1929. The Kazakh Arabic alphabet contains 29 letters and one digit, the 'upper hamza' used at the beginnings of words to create front vowels throughout the word. The direction the alphabet is written in is right to left.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Kazakh language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
It has a status of "official language", rather than the "state language" Kazakh, and is used routinely in business, government, and inter-ethnic communication. However, only 63.45% of ethnic Kazakhs and 49.3% of the country's population are daily speakers of Kazakh language, according to the same census. [2]
Apart from ⠽ і, which once existed in Russian Braille and ⠬ ұ, which is the same as the ў of Belarusian Braille (a letter which was used in earlier Kazakh alphabets with the same value), the braille values assigned to the extra Kazakh letters do not follow the assignments of other languages that use the Cyrillic script in print.
BGN/PCGN [A] romanization system for Kazakh is a method for romanization of Cyrillic Kazakh texts, that is, their transliteration into the Latin alphabet as used in the English language. The BGN/PCGN system for transcribing Kazakh was designed to be relatively intuitive for anglophones to pronounce.
Speakers of Kazakh (mainly Kazakhs) are spread over a vast territory from the Tian Shan to the western shore of the Caspian Sea.Kazakh is the official state language of Kazakhstan, with nearly 10 million speakers (based on information from the CIA World Factbook [6] on population and proportion of Kazakh speakers).
[1] [2] The New Turkic Alphabet was used in the USSR in the 1930s until its replacement by a Cyrillic script. [3] The Kyrgyz Cyrillic alphabet is the alphabet used in Kyrgyzstan. It contains 36 letters: 33 from the Russian alphabet with 3 additional letters for sounds of the Kyrgyz language: Ң, Ү, Ө.
Transliteration, which adapts written form without altering the pronunciation when spoken out, is opposed to letter transcription, which is a letter by letter conversion of one language into another writing system. Still, most systems of transliteration map the letters of the source script to letters pronounced similarly in the target script ...