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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): [5] [6] The gold standard for diagnosing bucket-handle tears. Key findings on MRI include: Double PCL sign: The displaced meniscal fragment mimics the appearance of a second posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) on sagittal images. Flipped meniscus appearance: The displaced fragment creates an abnormal signal ...
A tear of a meniscus is a rupturing of one or more of the fibrocartilage strips in the knee called menisci. When doctors and patients refer to "torn cartilage" in the knee, they actually may be referring to an injury to a meniscus at the top of one of the tibiae. Menisci can be torn during innocuous activities such as walking or squatting.
The double PCL sign is best observed on sagittal T2-weighted or proton density-weighted MRI images. [5] Key features include: [6] Duplicated PCL Appearance: The native PCL appears as a curvilinear low-signal intensity structure in its typical anatomical location.The displaced meniscal fragment appears as a second parallel low-signal structure inferior to the PCL.
If the tear causes continued pain, swelling, or knee dysfunction, then the tear can be removed or repaired surgically. The unhappy triad is a set of commonly co-occurring knee injuries which includes injury to the medial meniscus.
MRI can also show associated bone bruises on the lateral side of the knee, which one study shows, happen in almost half of medial knee injuries. [ 19 ] Knee MRIs should be avoided for knee pain without mechanical symptoms or effusion, and upon non-successful results from a functional rehabilitation program.
A discoid meniscus is a congenital anomaly of the knee found in 3% of the population (up to 15% in Asia). It typically affects the lateral meniscus and may be found bilaterally (20%). Instead of the narrow crescent shape, as seen in a normal meniscus above, a discoid meniscus is thickened, and has a fuller crescent shape.
The transverse ligament is reported in 58 per cent of subjects and is thus the most prevalent of four described meniscomeniscal ligaments. The other ligaments, all three of which are reported with a frequency of less than 4 per cent, are the posterior transverse ligament, described as a bundle of fibers connecting the posterior horns of the menisci; and the medial and lateral oblique ligaments ...
Damage to the outer third of the meniscus has the best healing potential because of the blood supply, but the inner two thirds of the medial meniscus has a limited blood supply and thus limited healing ability. Large tears to the meniscus may require surgical repair or removal. In terms of a meniscus tear, the doctor can categorize the injury ...