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Anti-Semitism rose to great heights, and in 1290, England became the first country to permanently expel the Jews. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] : 44–45 [ 6 ] : 1 [ 7 ] A succession crisis in France led to the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), a series of conflicts involving the peoples of both nations.
Cnut, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". During the Norman period Rex Anglorum remained standard, with occasional use of Rex Anglie ("King of England"). From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of Rex or Regina Anglie .
Anglo-Saxon England or early medieval England covers the period from the end of Roman Britain in the 5th century until the Norman Conquest in 1066. It consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927, when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King Æthelstan (r. 927–939).
England led the way as London became the capital of a world empire and cities across the country grew in locations strategic for manufacturing. [45] In the United States from 1860 to 1910, the introduction of railroads reduced transportation costs, and large manufacturing centers began to emerge, fueling migration from rural to city areas.
Culturally, the Victorian era was a time of prosperity and dominant middle-class virtues when Britain dominated the world economy and maintained a generally peaceful century from 1815 to 1914. The First World War, with Britain in alliance with France, Russia and the United States, was a furious but ultimately successful total war with Germany.
In terms of population, on the eve of World War II, Britain and her colonial possessions totaled 500 million inhabitants. The British Empire had an enormous impact on world history. The United Kingdom had about 120 colonies throughout its history, the most colonies in the world, the French colonial empire came second, which had about 80 ...
Great Britain, also known as the Kingdom of Great Britain, [4] was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 [5] to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England (including Wales) and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands ...
Kenneth Jackson's map showing British river names of Celtic etymology, thought to be a good indicator of the spread of Old English.Area I, where Celtic names are rare and confined to large and medium-sized rivers, shows English-language dominance to c. 500–550; Area II to c. 600; Area III, where even many small streams have Brittonic names to c. 700.