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  2. EndoStim Electrical Stimulation Therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EndoStim_Electrical...

    EndoStim therapy directly targets the weak lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle, without altering anatomy or using mechanical constraints. EndoStim's proprietary technology uses functional electrical stimulation (a type of neuromodulation) to restore esophageal function, thereby reducing GERD symptoms. Tiny pulses of electric current are ...

  3. Stretta procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretta_procedure

    Stretta is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that delivers radiofrequency energy in the form of electromagnetic waves through electrodes at the end of a catheter to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the gastric cardia – the region of the stomach just below the LES.

  4. Per-oral endoscopic myotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-oral_endoscopic_myotomy

    Achalasia, a disease characterized by impaired esophageal peristalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, has classically been treated endoscopically by dilation or botulinum toxin injection of the sphincter or surgically by a myotomy in which the muscle fibers are cut through a thoracic or abdominal approach. [1]

  5. Esophageal stricture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_stricture

    It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, [1] esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia. Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms, causing ...

  6. Esophageal dysphagia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_dysphagia

    Esophageal cancer usually affects the elderly. Esophageal cancers can be either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent in the US and is associated with patients with chronic GERD who have developed Barrett's esophagus (intestinal metaplasia of esophageal mucosa). Squamous cell carcinoma is more prevalent ...

  7. Esophageal rupture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_rupture

    Esophageal rupture, also known as Boerhaave syndrome, is a rupture of the esophageal wall. Iatrogenic causes account for approximately 56% of esophageal perforations, usually due to medical instrumentation such as an endoscopy or paraesophageal surgery. [1] The 10% of esophageal perforations caused specifically by vomiting are termed Boerhaave ...

  8. Sugiura procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugiura_Procedure

    The abdominal esophagus is devascularized from the stomach. The posterior gastric vagus nerve requires ligation due to its close proximity. The lesser curvature of the stomach and abdominal esophagus are then devascularized, and the cardioesophageal branches of the left gastric vessels are ligated and divided.

  9. Esophagectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagectomy

    Esophagectomy is a very complex operation that can take between 4 and 8 hours to perform. It is best done exclusively by doctors who specialise in thoracic surgery or upper gastrointestinal surgery. Anesthesia for an esophagectomy is also complex, owing to the problems with managing the patient's airway and lung function during the operation. [3]

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