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Ethoprop is used as an insecticide against soil insects like wireworms and as a nematicide. It is used on different crops, ranging from potatoes, bananas, and sugarcane to ornamental plants and tobacco. [1] Most of the ethoprop used in the United States is applied to potatoes.
Agriotes sputator [1] is a species of click beetle, commonly known as the common click beetle. [2] The adult beetle is brown and inconspicuous, and the larvae live in the soil and are known as wireworms.
Terbufos is used on various crops including bananas, beans, citrus, coffee, groundnuts, sorghum, potatoes, sunflowers and maize as soil cover to combat wireworms, mossy beetles, beet flies and the black bean louse. [6] [7] It is not approved for use in the European Union. [8]
An agricultural aircraft applies low-insecticide bait against western corn rootworm.. Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. [1]
Some studies suggest burying neonicotinoid seeds used for agriculture below the surface of the soil will prevent birds from eating them. [115] Neonicotinoids can have non-direct impacts on birds by disrupting the food chain. [116] The main goal of neonicotinoids is to target pests.
Click beetle larvae, called wireworms, are usually saprophagous, living on dead organisms, but some species are serious agricultural pests, and others are active predators of other insect larvae. Some elaterid species are bioluminescent in both larval and adult form, such as those of the genus Pyrophorus .
The speed of spread of the nematodes from field to field can be reduced by cleaning equipment of possibly infested soil before changing location and by using only certified PCN-free seed tubers. If possible, ask for seed potatoes grown on fields which were declared free of the potato cyst nematode.
Potatoes grown in Verticillium infested soils may have a reduced yield between 30–50% compared to potatoes grown in "clean" soil. Verticillium wilt has also caused a shift in peppermint cultivation from the Midwest in the mid- to late-1800s to western states such as Oregon, Washington and Idaho, to new, non-infested areas within these states now.