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The Holocaust (/ ˈ h ɒ l ə k ɔː s t / ⓘ, US also / ˈ h oʊ l ə-/) [1] was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.
Servicemen of the 20th Air Force stationed in Guam during World War II participate in a Rosh Hashanah service. Approximately 1.5 million Jews served in the regular Allied militaries during World War II. [10] Approximately 550,000 American Jews served in the various branches of the United States Armed Forces.
During World War II, 1.2 million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. 350,000 American women served in the Armed Forces during World War II and 16 were killed in action. [342] During World War II, 26,000 Japanese-Americans served in the Armed Forces and over 800 were killed in action. [343]
Left wing organizations such as The Workmen's Circle and the Jewish People's Fraternal Order played an important part in Jewish community life until World War II. [73] Jewish Americans were not just involved in nearly every important social movement but in the forefront of promoting such issues as workers rights, civil rights, civil liberties ...
Jews outside Europe under Axis occupation suffered greatly during World War II. While there is academic consensus that the extermination of the non-European Jews was a long-term goal for the Nazi regime, [1] it is less clear whether there were any imminent plans or policies to that end. Although there is no unanimity among historians on this ...
Many on the lists below were of Jewish and Polish origin, although Soviet POWs, Jehovah's Witnesses, Serbs, Catholics, Roma and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins , their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation , were murdered by the Nazi regime.
However, the Jewish population has not yet recovered to its pre-World War II size of approximately 16.5 million. [1] According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, the number of Jews around the world is expected to increase from 14.3 million in 2015 to 16.4 million in 2060.
Jewish shop destroyed during Kristallnacht, 10 November 1938 Mass arrest of Jews in Baden-Baden after the November pogroms. Anti-Jewish violence, largely locally organized by members of Nazi Party institutions, took primarily non-lethal forms from 1933 to 1939. [16] Jewish stores, especially in rural areas, were often boycotted or vandalized. [17]