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For example, if telephone exchanges are not synchronized, then bit slips will occur and degrade performance. Telecommunication networks rely on the use of highly accurate primary reference clocks which are distributed network-wide using synchronization links and synchronization supply units .
[citation needed] The syncword is a known sequence of data used to identify the start of a frame, and is also called reference signal or midamble in wireless communications. Prefix codes allow unambiguous identification of synchronization sequences and may serve as self-synchronizing code.
Practically all parallel communications protocols use synchronous transmission. For example, in a computer, address information is transmitted synchronously—the address bits over the address bus, and the read or write strobes of the control bus. Single-wire synchronous signalling
Clock sources used for synchronization in telecommunications networks are rated by quality, commonly called a stratum. [25] Typically, a network element uses the highest quality stratum available to it, which can be determined by monitoring the synchronization status messages (SSM) of selected clock sources.
In telecommunications and electronics, a self-clocking signal is one that can be decoded without the need for a separate clock signal or other source of synchronization.This is usually done by including embedded synchronization information within the signal, and adding constraints on the coding of the data payload such that false synchronization can easily be detected.
Sample of Synchronization by external reference and SSU. In SyncE, there are several ways to synchronize nodes: External timing: The EEC obtains its signal from a stand-alone synchronization equipment (SASE). This is a typical way to synchronize, and the NE usually also has an extra reference signal for emergency situations.
Synchronous serial communication describes a serial communication protocol in which "data is sent in a continuous stream at constant rate." [1]Synchronous communication requires that the clocks in the transmitting and receiving devices are synchronized – running at the same rate – so the receiver can sample the signal at the same time intervals used by the transmitter.
Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. For example, the conductor of an orchestra keeps the orchestra synchronized or in time . Systems that operate with all parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync —and those that are not are asynchronous .