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Dreams and reports of dreams are produced in distinct states of consciousness resulting in a delay between the dream event and its recall while awake. During this time lag forgetting may occur resulting in an incomplete report. Forgetting is proportional to the amount of time elapsed between the experience and its recall. [2]
Dreaming is a state of the brain that is similar to yet different from the waking consciousness, and interaction and correlation between the two is necessary for optimal performance from both. One study conducted measuring brain activity via EEG used Hobson's AIM model to show that quantitatively dream consciousness is remarkably similar to ...
He considers the prospective function to have two meanings: it is both integrative and synthetic (or "reductive"). [H 2] Within this prospective function, Jung includes a category of dreams: those in which certain psychic events penetrate the unconscious sphere. This is the case of dreams announcing the death of a loved one.
Two other neurotransmitters, orexin and gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), seem to promote wakefulness, diminish during deep sleep, and inhibit paradoxical sleep. [ 3 ] [ 26 ] Unlike the abrupt transitions in electrical patterns, the chemical changes in the brain show continuous periodic oscillation.
Humans spend about two hours dreaming per night, [2] and each dream lasts around 5–20 minutes, although the dreamer may perceive the dream as being much longer than this. [3] The content and function of dreams have been topics of scientific, philosophical and religious interest throughout recorded history.
One of the important questions in sleep research is clearly defining the sleep state. This problem arises because sleep was traditionally defined as a state of consciousness and not as a physiological state, [14] [15] thus there was no clear definition of what minimum set of events constitute sleep and distinguish it from other states of partial or no consciousness.
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The Interpretation of Dreams. Standard Edition, 5. Freud, Sigmund. "Manifest Dream Content and Latent Dream Thought." New York. Boni & Liveright. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. 1920. Hall, Calvin. (1953). "A Cognitive Theory of Dream Symbols". Journal of General Psychology. 48. 169-186.