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Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni [a] (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo, [b] [1] was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, [2] and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art.
The dome design had been altered by Giuliano da Sangallo from being hemispherical to being 9 meters taller, segmental, and ribbed, and he had strengthened the piers and completed building the pendentives. Michelangelo redesigned the dome to have two shells, a mostly brick internal structure, and three iron chains to resist outward pressure. [33]
The Duomo viewed from the heights of Piazzale Michelangelo. Santa Maria del Fiore was built on the site of Florence's second cathedral dedicated to Saint Reparata; [3] the first was the Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze, the first building of which was consecrated as a church in 393 by St. Ambrose of Milan. [4]
Michelangelo redesigned the dome in 1547, taking into account all that had gone before. His dome, like that of Florence, is constructed of two shells of brick, the outer one having 16 stone ribs, twice the number at Florence but far fewer than in Sangallo's design. As with the designs of Bramante and Sangallo, the dome is raised from the piers ...
Michelangelo was intimidated by the scale of the commission, and made it known from the outset of Julius II's approach that he would prefer to decline. He felt he was more of a sculptor than a painter, and was suspicious that such a large-scale project was being offered to him by enemies as a set-up for an inevitable fall.
(English: "Michelangelo Buonarroti, the Florentine made this") The signature echoes one used by the ancient Greek artists Apelles and Polykleitos. It was the only work he ever signed. Vasari also reports the anecdote that Michelangelo later regretted his outburst of pride and swore never to sign another work of his hands. [13] [14]
The Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence possesses the largest brick dome in the world, [2] [3] and is considered a masterpiece of European architecture.. Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi (1377 – 15 April 1446), commonly known as Filippo Brunelleschi (/ ˌ b r uː n ə ˈ l ɛ s k i / BROO-nə-LESK-ee; Italian: [fiˈlippo brunelˈleski]) and also nicknamed Pippo by Leon ...
The dome was completed up to the base of the lantern in May 1590, a few months before the death of Pope Sixtus V. The lantern and lead covering for the dome were completed later, with the brass orb and cross being raised in 1592. [34] The lantern is 17 meters high and the dome is 136.57 meters from the base to the top of the cross. [35]