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India's territorial waters extend into the sea to a distance of 12 nautical miles (13.8 mi; 22.2 km) from the coast baseline. [7] India has the 18th largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 2,305,143 km 2 (890,021 sq mi). The northern frontiers of India are defined largely by the Himalayan mountain range, where the country borders China, Bhutan, and ...
Most of the rivers in India originate from the four major watersheds in India. The Himalayan watershed is the source of majority of the major river systems in India including the three longest rivers–the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Indus. [3] [4] These three river systems are fed by more than 5000 glaciers. [5]
India's climate has become progressively drier since the late Miocene, reducing forest cover in northern India in favour of grassland. [23] There are about 29,015 species of plants including 17,926 species of flowering plants. This is about 9.1% of the total plant species identified worldwide and 6,842 species are endemic to India.
Many animals are domesticated in India, and seeing them in the streets of villages and even cities is common. Bovines include the zebu , which descended from the extinct Indian aurochs , the domestic water buffalo , the gayal , which is a domesticated gaur, and in the northern regions domestic yak , which descended from the also native wild yak .
Most of the rivers in India originate from the four major watersheds in India. The Himalayan watershed is the source of majority of the major river systems in India including the three major rivers–the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Indus. [3] [4] These three river systems are fed by more than 5000 glaciers. [5]
For a detailed map of all disputed regions in South Asia, see Image:India disputed areas map.svg Internal borders The borders of the state of Meghalaya, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh are shown as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, but has yet to be verified.
The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the Northern Plain or North Indian River Plain, is a fertile plain spanning 700,000 km 2 (270,000 sq mi) across the northern and north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. It encompasses northern and eastern India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal, and almost all of Bangladesh.
India ranks fourth in Asia and tenth in the world amongst the top 17 mega-diverse countries in the world. [1] India harbours nearly 11% of the world's floral diversity comprising over 17500 documented flowering plants, 6200 endemic species, 7500 medicinal plants and 246 globally threatened species in only 2.4% of world's land area. [2]