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This superfamily includes some of the largest beetles extant today, including rhinoceros beetles, (Dynastinae), the Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules) and Goliath beetles (Goliathus sp.). The oldest confirmed member of the group is the extinct genus Alloioscarabaeus from the Middle Jurassic period Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia , China.
A scarab beetle grub from Australia. The C-shaped larvae, called grubs, are pale yellow or white. Most adult beetles are nocturnal, although the flower chafers and many leaf chafers are active during the day. The grubs mostly live underground or under debris, so are not exposed to sunlight.
The immature stages of most species are unknown, [1] but where known the larvae live in and feed on rotting wood, while the adult beetles feed on foliage. [5] They are harmless to humans and not regarded as pests. [4] The adult beetles are attracted to light during the night. [1] [5]
A "scarabaeus" is also a now outdated term (OED 2) for an object in the form of a scarab beetle in art. The scarab was a popular form of amulet in Ancient Egypt, [3] and in ancient Greek art engraved gems were often carved as scarabs on the rest of the stone behind the main flattish face, which was used for sealing documents. [4]
Scarabaeus sacer is a robust, all-black beetle where adults are 1.9–4.0 cm (0.7–1.6 in) long. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The head has a distinctive array of six projections, resembling rays. [ 10 ] The projections are uniform with four more projections on each of the tibiae of the front legs, creating an arc of fourteen "rays" (see illustration).
Aphodiinae is a subfamily of the scarab beetle family, Scarabaeidae. Members of this subfamily are known commonly as the small dung beetles and many, but not all, are dung beetles. [1] These beetles are found worldwide. [1] These beetles are small scarab beetles, most less than 8 millimeters long.
Onthophagus taurus, the taurus scarab, is a species of dung beetle in the genus Onthophagus and the family Scarabaeidae. [1] Also known as the bull-headed dung beetle, it is a species that specializes in cattle dung and is widely utilized to maintain clean pastures , making it agriculturally valuable.
Faience pectoral scarab with spread wings and bead net, Royal Pump Room, Harrogate Scarabs were typically carved or molded in the form of a scarab beetle (usually identified as Scarabaeus sacer) with varying degrees of naturalism but usually at least indicating the head, wing case and legs but with a flat base.