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As nuchal translucency size increases, the chances of a chromosomal abnormality and mortality increase; 65% of the largest translucencies (>6.5mm) are due to chromosomal abnormality, while fatality is 19% at this size. [2] A nuchal scan may also help confirm both the accuracy of the pregnancy dates and the fetal viability.
Normal (2 points) Abnormal (0 points) NST/Reactive FHR At least two accelerations in 20 minutes Less than two accelerations to satisfy the test in 20 minutes US: Fetal breathing movements At least one episode of > 30s or >20s [3] in 30 minutes None or less than 30s or 20s [3] US: Fetal activity / gross body movements
By comparison, in the same 4000 women, a screening test that has a 99% sensitivity and a 0.5% false positive rate would detect all 10 positives while telling 20 normal women that they are positive. Therefore, 30 women would undergo a confirmatory invasive procedure and 10 of them (33%) would be confirmed as positive and 20 would be told that ...
This scoring allows for the estimation of age in the range of 26 weeks to 44 weeks. The New Ballard Score is an extension of the above to include extremely pre-term babies , i.e., up to 20 weeks. The scoring relies on the intra-uterine changes that the fetus undergoes during its maturation.
Fundal height, or McDonald's rule, is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy. It is measured from the top of the mother's uterus to the top of the mother's pubic symphysis.
An AFI between 8 and 18 cm is considered normal. [5] Median AFI level is approximately 14 cm from week 20 to week 35, [ 6 ] when the amniotic fluid begins to reduce in preparation for birth. An AFI smaller than 5–6 cm is considered as oligohydramnios . [ 3 ]
Group A had 90 fetuses of 9–12 weeks of gestation and the weight varied between 1-14 grams. Group B had 337 fetuses, age 13–16 weeks of gestation with weight variation between 15 and 105 grams whereas the third group had 435 fetuses of 17–20 weeks of gestation with a weight range between 106 and 310 grams.
An ultrasound showing an embryo measured to have a crown-rump length of 1.67 cm and estimated to have a gestational age of 8 weeks and 1 day. Crown-rump length (CRL) is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head (crown) to the bottom of the buttocks (rump).