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Examples include a 3-dimensional scale model of a building or the scale drawings of the elevations or plans of a building. [1] In such cases the scale is dimensionless and exact throughout the model or drawing. The scale can be expressed in four ways: in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, as a fraction and as a graphical (bar) scale.
A conformal map has an isotropic scale factor. Conversely isotropic scale factors across the map imply a conformal projection. Isotropy of scale implies that small elements are stretched equally in all directions, that is the shape of a small element is preserved. This is the property of orthomorphism (from Greek 'right shape'). The ...
An architect's scale is a specialized ruler designed to facilitate the drafting and measuring of architectural drawings, such as floor plans and Multi-view orthographic projections. Because the scale of such drawings is often smaller than life-size, an architect's scale features multiple units of length and proportional length increments. [1]
A scale factor is usually a decimal which scales, or multiplies, some quantity. In the equation y = Cx, C is the scale factor for x. C is also the coefficient of x, and may be called the constant of proportionality of y to x. For example, doubling distances corresponds to a scale factor of two for distance, while cutting a cake in half results ...
μ – scale factor, which is unitless; if it is given in ppm, it must be divided by 1,000,000 and added to 1. R – rotation matrix. Consists of three axes (small [clarification needed] rotations around each of the three coordinate axes) r x, r y, r z. The rotation matrix is an orthogonal matrix. The angles are given in either degrees or radians.
The term "isometric" comes from the Greek for "equal measure", reflecting that the scale along each axis of the projection is the same (unlike some other forms of graphical projection). An isometric view of an object can be obtained by choosing the viewing direction such that the angles between the projections of the x , y , and z axes are all ...
A scale factor of 1 ⁄ 10 cannot be used here, because scaling 160 by 1 ⁄ 10 gives 16, which is greater than the greatest value that can be stored in this fixed-point format. However, 1 ⁄ 11 will work as a scale factor, because the maximum scaled value, 160 ⁄ 11 = 14. 54, fits within this range. Given this set:
Various scales and the protractor are used to measure the lengths of lines and angles, allowing accurate scale drawing to be carried out. The compass is used to draw arcs and circles. A drawing board was used to hold the drawing media in place; later boards included drafting machines that sped the layout of straight lines and angles.