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The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state, and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin. The earliest evidence of hominid occupation discovered in what is today Bulgaria date from at least 1.4 million years ago. [ 1 ]
To complicate matters, Serbia and Greece too made claims over parts of Macedonia. Thus began the Balkan Wars, a five-sided struggle for control of these areas which lasted through World War I (Bulgaria during World War I). In 1903 there was a Bulgarian insurrection in Ottoman Macedonia and war seemed likely.
First Bulgarian Empire, early 10th century (904) The Golden Age of Bulgaria is the period of the Bulgarian cultural prosperity during the reign of emperor Simeon I the Great (889—927). [1] The term was coined by Spiridon Palauzov in the mid 19th century.
Some historians use the terms Danube Bulgaria, [13] First Bulgarian State, [14] [15] or First Bulgarian Tsardom (Empire). Between 681 and 864 the country is also called by modern historians as the Bulgarian Khanate , [ 16 ] or the Bulgar Khaganate , [ 17 ] from the Turkic title of khan / khagan borne by its rulers.
Notable examples from that period include the "Book of Boril", an important source for the history of the Bulgarian Empire, and the Dragan Menaion, which includes the earliest known Bulgarian hymnology and hymn tunes, as well as liturgies for Bulgarian saints John of Rila, Cyril and Methodius, and emperor Peter I. [221] Two poems, written by a ...
Bulgarian Empire may refer to: First Bulgarian Empire , medieval Bulgarian state that existed from 681 to 1018 Second Bulgarian Empire , medieval Bulgarian state that existed from 1185 to 1396
Great Bulgaria was formed after the unification of the tribes of Kutrigurs, Utigurs, and Onogurs (Onodonduri). 635: A peace treaty was signed by Kubrat with the Byzantine Empire. 668: Khazar's pressure caused Great Bulgaria to decline. Volga Bulgaria (7th century–1240s) is formed. 680/681: First Bulgarian Empire (Danubian Bulgaria) was formed ...
[8] [9] [10] An example is the last ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire Ivan Vladislav, who in the Bitola inscription dated 1015–16 called himself "autocrat of the Bulgarian tsardom" and "native-born Bulgarian", which is an evidence of the Bulgarian identity by then political and cultural elite.