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Greenhouse effect, a warming of Earth’s surface and troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere) caused by the presence of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and certain other gases in the air. Of those gases, known as greenhouse gases, water vapor has the largest effect.
How do greenhouse gases affect the climate? Explore the atmosphere during the ice age and today. What happens when you add clouds? Change the greenhouse gas concentration and see how the temperature changes. Then compare to the effect of glass panes. Zoom in and see how light interacts with molecules.
The greenhouse effect is the process through which heat is trapped near Earth’s surface by substances known as ‘greenhouse gases.’ Imagine these gases as a cozy blanket enveloping our planet, helping to maintain a warmer temperature than it would have otherwise.
NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery. Graphic: A simplified animation of the greenhouse effect.
Diagram demonstrating the greenhouse effect, the process of heat-trapping gases absorbing radiation from the sun and keeping the Earth’s surface and atmosphere warm (from Lai, 2021). On the left, is a model of the natural greenhouse effect, and on the right is a model of the human-enhanced greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases in a planet's atmosphere insulate the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature. Surface heating can happen from an internal heat source as in the case of Jupiter , or from its host star as in the case of the Earth .
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.
The greenhouse effect, which influences Earth’s average temperature, affects many of the processes that shape global climate and ecosystems. This model shows some of the other parts of the Earth system that the greenhouse effect influences, including the water cycle and water temperature.
What Is Climate Change? A simplified animation of the greenhouse effect. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech (Download en español.)
Learn how human activity is polluting the atmosphere with Bitesize GCSE Chemistry (AQA).