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The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
1121 – Al-Khazini makes extensive use of the experimental method to prove his theories on mechanics in The Book of the Balance of Wisdom. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) is the first physician to carry out human postmortem dissections and autopsies.
There are several types of timeline articles. Historical timelines show the significant historical events and developments for a specific topic, over the course of centuries or millennia. Graphical timelines provide a visual representation for the timespan of multiple events that have a particular duration, over the course of centuries or ...
1980 – Lithotripter – Dornier Research Group; 1980 – First vaccine for hepatitis B – Baruch Samuel Blumberg; 1980 – Cloning of interferons – Sidney Pestka; 1981 – Artificial skin – John F. Burke and Ioannis V. Yannas; 1981 – Bruce Reitz performs the first human heart-lung combined transplant; 1982 – Human insulin – Eli Lilly
1950 – Research based on the double blind test is published for the first time, by Greiner et al. [34] 1962 – The American physicist Thomas S. Kuhn publishes his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which controversially challenged powerful and entrenched philosophical assumptions about the progress of science through history. [35]
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
Lotfi A. Zadeh at U.C. Berkeley creates "soft computing" [89] and builds a world network of research with a fusion of neural science and neural net systems, fuzzy set theory and fuzzy systems, evolutionary algorithms, genetic programming, and chaos theory and chaotic systems ("Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and Soft Computing", Communications of ...
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.