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Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform (Indonesian: Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi) is a government ministry that is responsible for public servants in Indonesia. The ministry reports to the President of Indonesia.
The following is a list of countries and territories where English is an official language used in citizen interactions with government officials. As of 2024, there are 57 sovereign states and 28 non-sovereign entities where English is an official language.
A foreign language is a language that is not an official language of, nor typically spoken in, a specific country. Native speakers from that country usually need to acquire it through conscious learning, such as through language lessons at school, self-teaching, or attending language courses.
During Indonesian National Revolution, the civil service was divided into Republic of Indonesia government and Dutch East Indies government. The Indonesian government formed Office of Civil Servant Affairs (Indonesian: Kantor Urusan Pegawai Negeri, KUP) with Government Regulation 11/1948 on 30 May 1948 which located at Yogyakarta.
During Second Development Cabinet, the office were renamed as 'State Minister/State Secretary' (Indonesian: Menteri Negara/Sekretaris Negara). Since 28 March 1973, the office were merged with the Cabinet Secretary. In March 1988, Sudharmono was elected Suharto's vice president on his fifth term. Murdiono 21 March 1988 14 March 1998
English classes in Moscow in 1964. English as a second or foreign language refers to the use of English by individuals whose native language is different, commonly among students learning to speak and write English.
The main responsibilities of the ministry are the formulation, determination and implementation of policies related to political and general governance; regional autonomy; development of regional and village administration and matters of governance; regional development and finance as well as demographics and civil records. it also reviews laws passed by provincial legislatures.
The language is pluricentric and a macrolanguage, i.e., several varieties of it are standardized as the national language (bahasa kebangsaan or bahasa nasional) of several nation states with various official names: in Malaysia, it is designated as either Bahasa Malaysia ("Malaysian") or also Bahasa Melayu ("Malay language"); in Singapore and ...