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Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate ( HCO − 3 ), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations.
It’s very painful, and most dogs will feel very sorry for themselves, be off their food, and be vomiting. Dogs with suspected pancreatitis need treatment at a vet. 10.
This is to maintain the plasma's electrical balance, as the chloride anions have been extracted. The bicarbonate content causes the venous blood to leave the stomach more alkaline than the arterial blood delivered to it. The alkaline tide is neutralised by the secretion of H + into the blood during HCO 3 − secretion in the pancreas. [2]
Gastric vomiting leads to the loss of acid (protons) [clarification needed] and chloride directly. Combined with the resulting alkaline tide, this leads to hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (low chloride levels together with high HCO − 3 and CO 2 and increased blood pH) and often hypokalemia (potassium depletion).
Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids. [5] Metabolic acidosis can lead to acidemia, which is defined as arterial blood pH that is lower than 7.35. [ 6 ]
Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), also referred to as calcium-alkali syndrome, is the third most common cause of elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). [2] [3] Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury.
Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by repeated vomiting, [2] resulting in a loss of hydrochloric acid in the stomach contents. Severe dehydration, and the consumption of alkali, [3] are other causes. It can also be caused by administration of diuretics [2] and endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome.
Diagnosis of contraction alkalosis is made by correlating laboratory data with clinical history and examination. Metabolic alkalosis in the presence of decreased effective circulatory volume, loop diuretic use, or other causes of intravascular depletion such as profound diarrhea should raise suspicion for contraction alkalosis as a likely etiology in the absence of other causes.