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Robert Hooke FRS (/ h ʊ k /; 18 July 1635 – 3 March 1703) [4] [a] was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist and architect. [5]
The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, which can be found to be described in his book Micrographia. In this book, he gave 60 observations in detail of various objects under a coarse, compound microscope. One observation was from very thin slices of bottle cork. Hooke discovered a multitude of tiny pores that he named "cells".
Since the invention of the microscope in the seventeenth century it has been known that plant and animal tissue is composed of cells : the cell was discovered by Robert Hooke. The plant cell wall was easily visible even with these early microscopes but no similar barrier was visible on animal cells, though it stood to reason that one must exist.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles including mitochondria, which provide energy for cell functions; chloroplasts, which create sugars by photosynthesis, in plants; and ribosomes, which synthesise proteins. Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named them after their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery.
Hooke most famously describes a fly's eye and a plant cell (where he coined that term because plant cells, which are walled, reminded him of the cells in a honeycomb [2]). Known for its spectacular copperplate of the miniature world, particularly its fold-out plates of insects, the text itself reinforces the tremendous power of the new microscope.
Robert Hooke's discovery of cells in 1665 led to the proposal of the cell theory. Initially it was believed that all cells contained a hard cell wall since only plant cells could be observed at the time. [9] Microscopists focused on the cell wall for well over 150 years until advances in microscopy were made.
1663 – First recorded description of living cells by Robert Hooke. 1677 – Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa. 1798 – Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox. 1802 – The first recorded use of the word biology.
Robert Hooke – Coined the word "cell" after looking at cork under a microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek – First observed microscopic single celled organisms in apparently clean water. Hans Adolf Krebs – Discovered the citric acid cycle in 1937. Konstantin Mereschkowski – Russian botanist who in 1905 described the Theory of Endosymbiosis.