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Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz (SiO. 2) and owes its violet color to irradiation, impurities of iron (Fe3+. ) and in some cases other transition metals, and the presence of other trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions. [2][3][4] The irradiation causes the iron Fe3+.
In 1986, California named benitoite as its state gemstone, a form of the mineral barium titanium silicate that is unique to the Golden State and only found in gem quality in San Benito County. [80] ^ Colorado is the only state whose geological symbols reflect the national flag's colors: red (rhodochrosite), white (yule marble), and blue ...
Jade. “Long prized across many varied and ancient cultures from ancient China to the Incan and Aztec empires, Jade is a highly valuable gemstone that represents good fortune, luck, and abundance ...
Clarity grading in coloured gemstones is based on the eye-clean standard, that is, a gem is considered flawless if no inclusions are visible with the unaided eye (assuming 20/20 vision). [29] The Gemological Institute of America classifies tanzanite as a Type I gemstone, meaning it is normally eye-clean.
Logan Sapphire. Star of Bombay, given to Mary Pickford by Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. Star of India. Stuart Sapphire. Black Star of Queensland. Star of Adam, with a weight of 1,404.49 carats (280.898 g), it is the largest star sapphire in the world. Queen Marie of Romania Sapphire.
The first rank of gemstones, or precious stones, includes ruby, sapphire, diamond, and emerald. Orange topaz, also known as precious topaz, is the birthstone for the month of November, the symbol of friendship, and the state gemstone of the U.S. state of Utah. [24] Blue topaz is the state gemstone of the US state of Texas. [25]
Turquoise. Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula Cu Al 6(PO 4)4(OH)8·4 H 2 O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone for millennia due to its hue.
This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B
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