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Podalic version has a long history spanning back to Hippocrates. It fell out of favor over the centuries until revived by Ambroise Paré in the 16th century. • Internal podalic version comprises a series of manoeuvres performed prior to breech extraction to deliver a fetus with a persistent transverse or oblique lie in the second stage of labour.
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants. Originally, it included plant morphology , the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
All spermatophytes ("seed plants") possess flowers as defined here (in a broad sense), but the internal organization of the flower is very different in the two main groups of spermatophytes: living gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms may possess flowers that are gathered in strobili, or the flower itself may be a strobilus of fertile leaves.
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Phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. [1] This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, [1] which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. [2] Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants.
It can be useful for flower identification or comparison between angiosperm taxa. Paleontologists can take advantage of diagrams for reconstruction of fossil flowers. Floral diagrams are also of didactic value. [1]: xiii Relation of a plant material (Campanula medium) to the floral diagram. Black dashed line shows the cross-section. 1 ...
Lemma is a phytomorphological term referring to a part of the spikelet. It is the lowermost of two chaff-like bracts enclosing the grass floret.The lemma often bears a long bristle called an awn, and may be similar in form to the glumes, which are chaffy bracts at the base of each spikelet.
A pioneering system of plant taxonomy, Linnaeus's Systema Naturae, Leiden, 1735. This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents "taxonomic systems" used in plant classification. A taxonomic system is a coherent whole of taxonomic judgments on circumscription and placement of the considered taxa. It is only a "system" if it is applied to a ...